What is chromosome and chromatin?

Chromatin refers to a mixture of DNA and proteins that form the chromosomes found in the cells of humans and other higher organisms. Many of the proteins — namely, histones — package the massive amount of DNA in a genome into a highly compact form that can fit in the cell nucleus.

Chromosomes are made up of a DNA-protein complex called chromatin That is organized into subunits called nucleosomes.

Chromatin is a complex formed by histones packaging the DNA double helix. Chromosomes are structures of proteins and nucleic acids found in the living cells and carry genetic material. Chromatin is composed of nucleosomes. Chromosomes are composed of condensed chromatin fibers.

Definition. A chromatid is one of the two identical halves of a chromosome That has been replicated in preparation for cell division. The two “sister” chromatids are joined at a constricted region of the chromosome called the centromere.

Chromatin is a tangled fibrous mass made up of DNA and protein. The chromatin material condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Chromosomes are composed of DNA and protein. DNA molecules contain the information necessary for constructing and organising cells.

Normally, each cell in the human body has 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total chromosomes). Half come from the mother; the other half come from the father. Two of the chromosomes (the X and the Y chromosome) determine your sex as male or female when you are born.

As the cell enters mitosis, Chromatin condensation leads to the formation of metaphase chromosomes consisting of two identical sister chromatids. These sister chromatids are held together at the centromere, which is seen as a constricted chromosomal region.

Genes are segments of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that contain the code for a specific protein that functions in one or more types of cells in the body. Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person’s genes. Genes are contained in chromosomes, which are in the cell nucleus.

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells. The primary function is To package long DNA molecules into more compact, denser structures.

There are two forms of chromatin: (1) euchromatin and (2) heterochromatin. Euchromatin is less condensed and can be transcribed whereas heterochromatin is highly condensed and cannot typically be transcribed.

Chromosomes and cell division

After DNA replication, each chromosome now consists of Two physically attached sister chromatids. After chromosome condensation, the chromosomes condense to form compact structures (still made up of two chromatids).

There are 46 individual chromosomes in each cell. After replication there are a total of 46 chromosomes, with 92 individual chromatids, in each cell.

The two identical chromosomes that result from DNA replication are referred to as Sister chromatids.

Chromatin is made up of DNA tightly bound to proteins called histones.