Is phosphoglyceride and phospholipid the same?

The term phosphoglyceride is used by some as a synonym for phospholipid and by others to denote a subgroup of phospholipids. In general, phospholipids are composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, and one or two fatty acids.

Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are Glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes.

What are phospholipids? The phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids can be combined as one class, the phospholipids. These are the Classical membrane lipid, formed of a polar head group and two hydrophobic fatty acid tails. The fatty acid tails typically contain between 14-24 carbon atoms.

The glycerophospholipids contain a three carbon glycerol backbone while the sphingolipids contain organic aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine. This is the key difference between glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. Both are important constituents of the cell membrane that have similar properties.

Glycerophosphatides (aka, glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides) are a specific subset of phospholipids with a glycerol backbone. In a glycerophosphatide, the hydroxyl group of glycerol carbon 3 is esterified to a phosphate group, while the carbon 1 and 2 hydroxyls are esterified to fatty acids.

Figure 17.3.

(a) Sphingosine, an amino alcohol, is found in all sphingolipids. (b) A sphingomyelin is also known as a phospholipid, as evidenced by the phosphoric acid unit in its structure. Most animal cells contain sphingolipids called cerebrosides (Figure 17.3. 7).

Lecithin, also called Phosphatidyl Choline, Any of a group of phospholipids (phosphoglycerides) That are important in cell structure and metabolism.

Lecithin is a complex mixture of phospholipids Found mainly in egg yolks, soy, and coleseeds. Phospholipids such as phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidyl glycerol compose the lipid bilayer of the cellular membrane structure.

To name the phospholipid completely in the trivial system, we must provide: (a) the trivial names of the fatty acyl chains (with an -oyl ending); and (b) the name of the polar alcohol which is joined to the phosphoryl group.

The structure of a phospholipid molecule contains Two hydrophobic tails of fatty acids and one hydrophilic head of phosphate moiety, jointed together by an alcohol or glycerol molecule [90]. Due to this structural arrangement, PLs form lipid bilayers and are a key component of all the cell membranes.

Phospholipids are amphiphilic molecules composed of A glycerol backbone carrying a hydrophilic polar head group and two hydrophobic fatty acyl tails (Van Meer et al., 2008; Vance and Vance, 2002).

What are phospholipid examples? The plasma membrane Is made up of phospholipid along with cholesterol and proteins. The most common phospholipids are phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and sphingomyelin.

The simplest phosphoglyceride is Phosphatidate. It is rare in nature. Phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) is a phosphoglyceride made from the glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphoryl ester.

Phosphatidic acid (PA) Is the smallest and simplest phospholipid and so is the precursor for other more-complex, alcohol-containing phospholipids [10]. As with all other phospholipids, PA composes part of the membrane lipid bilayer and contributes to the membrane’s physical properties.

Plasmalogens are naturally occurring phospholipids Containing sn-1-Z-1′-O-alkenyl chains of varying lengths and degrees of unsaturation that comprise as much as 18% of the total phospholipid mass in humans.

Phospholipids form a special class of lipids. They are composed of a glycerol molecule substituted by one or two fatty acids and one additional polar group. The latter group can be Choline (phosphatidylcholine or lecithin), ethanolamine, serine or inositol.

Phospholipids are an important class of membrane lipids that contain two categories of lipids, Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids.

All lipids that contain phosphorus are called phospholipids. Phospholipids are surface-active, amphiphilic molecules, which comprise a polar head group and a lipophilic tail. Because of this amphiphilic character they are used as Emulsifier, wetting agent, solubilizer, and liposome former.

Gangliosides is not a phospholipid.

Phosphatidylinositol (or Inositol Phospholipid) Consists of a family of lipids As illustrated on the right, where red is x, blue is y, and black is z, in the context of independent variation, a class of the phosphatidylglycerides.

Cerebrosides are neutral compounds that consist of Ceramide (sphingosine and FA) and a monosaccharide bound by a β-glycosidic bond to the C1 of esfingol. Often the carbohydrate is galactose (galactocerebroside) (Fig. 5.11).

Cerebrosides, The simplest neutral glycolipids/glycosphingolipids, have a single sugar that is linked to ceramide. Cerebrosides are thus ceramide monosaccharides.

May Cause Allergic Reactions

Soy lecithin is also usually contaminated with a number of pesticides and insecticides and can cause allergies in sensitive individuals. People who have a soy allergy may experience certain soy lecithin side effects. In fact, it is one of the most common allergies in humans.

Phosphatidylcholine is a major component of lecithin, a yellow-brown fatty substance found in egg yolk, organ meats, nuts, and spinach. Although lecithin contains substances other than phosphatidylcholine, the terms are sometimes used interchangeably in medical literature.

A lectin is a type of carbohydrate-binding protein that sticks to the cell membranes in the digestive tract, while Lecithin is a group of fatty substances found in plant and animal tissues that are essential for proper biological function.

Phospholipids are lipids containing phosphorus. Glycolipids are sugar-containing lipids. The latter are found exclusively on the outer surface of the cell membrane, acting as distinguishing surface markers for the cell and thus serving in cellular recognition and cell-to-cell communication.

The key difference between phospholipids and sphingolipids is that the Phospholipids are the most abundant lipids in the bio-membranes including the plasma membrane while the sphingolipids are the most abundant lipids in the nervous tissue. Lipid is a macromolecule composed of glycerol and fatty acids.

Glycerophospholipids are composed of Glycerophosphate (an ester of glycerol and phosphoric acid), long-chain fatty acids, and certain low molecular weight alcohols.

Examples of glycerophospholipids found in biological membranes are Phospholipidylcholine, phosphatidylthanolamine, and phosphate-dylserine.